Prestige College of Integrative and Natural Medicine

Biochemistry

Course Outline

1. Introductory Biochemistry

2. Cell structure and function

3. Acid-base balance and water metabolism

4. Chemistry and Biochemistry of Carbohydrates

5. Chemistry and Biochemistry of Amino acids and Proteins

6. Chemistry and Biochemistry of Lipids and Lipoproteins

7. Digestion and absorption

8. Enzymology

9. Introduction to Intermediary metabolism; Bioenergeb’cs and Biologic Oxidation

10. Chemistry and Biochemistry of Nucleic adds

11. Biochemical Genetics, Protein synthesis and Introductory Molecular Biology

12. Nutritional Biochemistry

13. Biochemistry of Blood, Haemoproteins and Porphyrins, Other body fluids

14. Hormone Biochemistry

15. Biochemistry of Tissues and Organs such as muscles, bone, connective tissues, neurons.

16. Immunochemistry

17. Introductory Neurobiochemistry

18. Xenobotics, thug metabolism and detoxification mechanisms

* 2000 EST * 16 Years Quality Teaching

Details of Course outline

1. Introductory Biochemistry

History of biochemistry as a gradual development from chemistry
Current understanding of simple sugars, common amino acids, lipids and lipoproteins with their functions
Nucleotides as basic units of DNA and RNA
Proteins and enzymes with their common functions and properties
Nutrition, bioenergetics and oxidative phosphorylations with mention of the electron transport chain

2. Cell structure and function

Concept of cell as tri-layered unit membrane
Cellular organelles; their structure and function(s)
Brief mention of methods of separation and identification of cellular organelles
Cellular utilization of biomojecules e.g proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids
Cell signaling and transduction
Membrane structure; fluid mosaic mode!: membrane properties, extrinsic and intrinsic membrane proteins, transport across membranes.

3. Acid base balance and water metabolism

Basic concepts in organic chemistry; aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, organic reactions etc
Basic concepts of adds, bases, pH. buffers and their applications.
Introduction to acid-base homeostasis

4. Chemistry and Biochemistry of Carbohydrates

Classification of carbohydrates; isomerism amongst monosaccharides, mutarotation, boat and chair conformations
Reactions; osazone formation, acetlylations, redox reactions, oxidation and action of acids and alkalis
Derivatives of monosaccharides e.g. glycosides, hexosamines, sugar alcohols etc
Qualitative analysis and tests for sugars
Disaccharides; their formation from monosaccharides, sources and identification
Polysaccharides; storage and structural types as well as bonding nature, similarities and differences between storage and structural polysaceharides.
Discussion on glycogen and cellulose; amylase and amylopectin as the two components of starch.
Carbohydrate metabolism:- metabolic pathways (gtycolysis, hexose monophosphate shunt/gluconeogenesis/glycogenesis, glycogenolysis) and their physiological utilities
Minor metabolic pathways e.g polyol pathway, galacticol formation, UDP-glucose formation
Regulation of glucose metabolism.
In-born errors of carbohydrate metabolism

5. Chemistry and Biochemistry of Amino acids and Proteins

Amino adds; structure arid properties; bonds (peptide. Hydrogen, disulphide and electrostatic)
Levels of organization of protein structures- primary, secondary, tertiary and quartenary.
Determination of amino add sequence of proteins; classification and properties of proteins
Digestion of dietary proteins and the transport of amino acids into cells
Amino add metabolism, ammonia formation and urea cycle
Biosynthesis of non-essential amino adds
In-born errors of amino acid metabolism

Conversion of amino adds into spedalized and metabolically important products e.g catecholamines, melanin, thyroid hormones, serotonin, histamine, creatinnie, bile pigments

6. Chemistry and Biochemistry of Lipids and lipoproteins

Classes of lipids; fatty acids and triglycerides; cholesterol and its derivatives; phospholipids and sphingolipids
Beta-oxidation of fatty acids and De novo synthesis of fatty acids
Types of ketone bodies and ketogenesis
Synthesis of cholesterol
Conversion of cholesterol into bile acids, steroid hormones, vitamins etc
Types and characterization of lipoproteins:1ipoprotein metabolism in health and disease; lipoproteins and cardiovascular disease risk
Description of the members of the prostaglandin family with their properties and functions.

7. Digestion and Absorption

Brief overview of digestion of major food classes and the relevant enzymes
Absorption of biomolecular products of digestion; transport proteins involved in absorption

8. Enzymology

Definition of an enzyme as a biological catalyst
General characteristics, nomenclature and nature of enzymes
Structural organization of enzyme function; active sites etc
Enzyme kinetics
Enzyme inhibitors; compehuve, non-competitive and uncompetitive: drugs as enzyme inhibitors
Regulation of enzyme activities and allosterism
Application of enzymes as indicators in disease conditions

9. Introduction to Intermediary Metabolism, Bioenergetics and Biologic Oxidation

Concept of intermediary or secondary metabolism; its relationship to tertiary metabolism or internal respiration
Substrate level phosphorylation
Concept of biologic oxidation; oxidative phosphorylation, the electron transport chain, enzymes involved in, etc
High energy compounds; ATP, GTP, CoA derivatives, Creatine phosphate etc
Regulation of ATP synthesis and inhibitors of ATP synthesis

10. Chemistry and Biochemistry of Nucleic Acids

Nitrogenous bases, nucleosides and nucleotides.
Nucleotides; types, structures and as basic units of nudeic adds such as DNA and RNA
The three types of RNA - mRNA, rRNA and tRNA
Watson and Crick model of DNA structure, modem concept and properties of DNA.
De novo and Salvage pathways for the syntheses of pyrimidine and purine nucleotides
Regulation of pyrimidine and purine nucleotide biosynthesis
Inhibition of pyrimidine and purine nucleotide synthesis by antibiotics
Degradation of nucleic adds and nudeotides and biochemical implications; gout etc.

11. Biochemical Genetics and Protein Synthesis

The genetic Code and the significance of the four letter- A,G, C, T alphabet DNA structures of all biological species, and the nature of the Code.
Storage and transmission of hereditary information through replication
Transcription and translation
Replication with DNA polymerase, ligases etc and the discovery and use of OKAZAKI fragments
Transcription of DNA into RNA molecules- types, components and functions Translation- site of translation, roles of tRNA and the steps(activation, initiation, elongation and termination)
Post-translational modifications of a number of amino acids in the synthesized proteins
Antibiotic inhibitors of protein synthesis
Chromosomal structures and other forms of gene expression: gene mutations and brief descriptions of resultant molecular diseases
Introduction to molecular biology techniques

12. Nutritional Biochemistry

Human energy metabolism; basal metabolic rate(BMR), energy expenditure and balance.
Principles of human nutrition, nutrition in the embryonic, neonatal, infancy and adulthood phases.
Nutrition in pregnancy and lactation Vitamin and mineral metabolism; classification of vitamins (fat 4nd water-soluble), sources and metabolic roles of vitamins Deficiencies and toxicities of vitamins and minerals and clinical implications
Introduction to nutritional assessment parameters

13. Biochemistry of Blood, Haemoproteins and Porphrins, Other Body Fluids

Characteristics, Composition and functions of blood: types of cells in blood-similarities and differences between blood, plasma and serum
Plasma proteins; properties, electrophoretic separation and functions
Blood coagulation and its cascade system of enzymes
Haemoglobin metabolism; Hb structure and function; Haem synthesis and Hb breakdown
Myoglobin and its comparative properties to FHb
Brief descriptions of the biochemistry of some body fluids; CSF, Iymph, urine, amniotic fluid, semen, milk, synovial fluid

14. Hormone biochemistry

Chemistry, Classification and Functions of Hormones
Mechanisms of action of hormones and their interactions with biological unit membranes
Description of specific hormones; thyroid and parathyroid, pituitary hormones, pancreatic hormones, hypothalamic hormones, steroid hormones, catecholamines, and other amino-acid derived hormones with emphasis on their origin, chemistry, syntheses, functions and metabolism
Control of hormonal release as well as disorders and abnormalities of hormone actions.

15. Biochemistry of Tissues and Organs such as Muscles, Bone, Connective Tissue

Muscle proteins; functional unit of muscle; principles of energy transduction in the muscle
Muscular contraction
Select disorders of muscle proteins
Composition of bone and its dynamic structure
Select metabolic or genetic disorders of bone
Biomolecular components of connective tissue and their functions
Select disorders of connective tissue constituents

16. Immunochemistry

lmmunoglobulin structure and function
Diversity of antigens and antibodies with clinical correlations e.g immunization
Biochemical basis of phagocytosis: the immune reponse
Complement system
Biochemistry of HIV infection

17. Introductory Neurobiochemistry

The neuron; structure and function
Brain metabolism and factors which affect it
Biochemistry of memory, pain and addiction
Nerve active drugs and toxins
Introduction to the biochemical basis of some common diseases of tin, nervous system; Parkinsosn’s disease, myasthenia gravis etc

3. MEDICAL GENETICS:

In this course students will be instructed in fundamental genetic theory. Topics treated are: of Nucleus, DNA; Chromosomes, structure aberration-genes; Division mitotic and meiotic; Inheritance: Mendel’s law; Common genetic problems, due to change in number and structure of chromosomes; Autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-Liked inheritance Mode of Transmission of Inheritance; Basic genetic Counseling: Premarital counseling in sickle cell disease. Counseling of elderly parents etc.

4. MEDICAL SOCIOLOGY

a. Patient - Doctor Relationship

b. Communication Signals and Problems

c. Population Structure, Growth Policy

d. Illness and Good Health.

5. MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY:

At the end of the course, the students should have moderate understanding of the following concepts as they relate to medical practice:

1. The role of Psychological factors in general medical practice

2. Identify and differentiate between various fields and schools of thought in Psychology.

3. Mechanisms of cognitive processes:

a. Learning

b. Perception

c. Thinking

d. Memory

e. Intelligence

4. The Dynamic of personality

5. Attitudes, Opinions and Prejudice

6. Fundamentals of Behavioruai Research

7. Features that distinguish ‘normality from abnormality

8. Psychopathological mechanisms, such as frustration, conflict and anxiety

9. Ego defence mechanisms in the context of normal and abnormal patterns of behaviour.

10. Psychopathological conditions

11. Basic Mechanisms: Frustration, Conflict and Anxiety

12. Psychic apparatus and defence mechanisms: their normal and pathological manifestations.

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Course Overview

Faculty Details Medicine
Duration: 2 Semesters
number of seats: 60 Seats
Language English
Annual Tuition (Fully Tuition Fee) National: N200,000 International: $150

Department Contact Info

info@prestigecollegeofmedicine.com.ng

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+2348160296573

Address:

Biochemistry

Biochemistry

Course Outline

Details of Course outline

3. MEDICAL GENETICS:

4. MEDICAL SOCIOLOGY

5. MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY:

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